![]() ![]() In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on coastal engineering, Taipei, pp 2149–2158 Pope J, Dean JL (1986) Development of design criteria for segmented breakwaters. J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng 119(6):657–670 McCormick ME (1993) Equilibrium shoreline response to breakwaters. Laboratoire Central Hydraulique de France (1982) Protection des plages sud de Tunis. Iskander MM, Frihy OE, El Ansary AE, Abd El Mooty MM, Nagy HM (2007) Beach impacts of shore-parallel breakwaters backing offshore submerged ridges, Western Mediterranean Coast of Egypt. Ilic S, van der Westhuysen AJ, Roelvink JA, Chadwick AJ (2007) Multidirectional wave transformation around detached breakwaters. Rapport 2-Actualisation des données météorologiques et simulation de la houle, vol 2-Simulation de la houle. Hidrotecnica Portuguesa (1995) Etude générale pour la protection du littoral Tunisien. González M, Medina R (2001) On the application of static equilibrium bay formulations to natural and man-made beaches. Coast Eng 29:291–315Įl Arrim A (1996) Etude d’impact de la dynamique sédimentaire et des aménagements sur la stabilité du littoral du golfe de Tunis. US Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Research Center, Vicksburg, MSĭean RG, Chen R, Browder AE (1997) Full scale monitoring study of a submerged breakwater, Palm Beach, Florida, USA. Ocean Eng 34:284–302ĭally WR, Pope J (1986) Detached breakwaters for shore protection. In: Proceedings of the 21st coastal engineering conference, Malaga, Spain, pp 1411–1425īirben AR, Özölçer IH, Karasu S, Kömürcü MI (2007) Investigation of the effects of offshore breakwater parameters on sediment accumulation. J Coast Res 1:61–75īerenguer JM, Enriquez J (1988) Design of pocket beaches, the Spanish case. In addition, the gyratory currents generated by the North North-Western waves play a great role in depriving the beach of Soliman of sediments.Īhrens JP, Cox J (1990) Design and performance of reef breakwaters. Such result is explained by the effect of the protective structures’ characteristics mainly the breakwaters lengths, the shoreline-breakwater distance, and the gap between successive breakwaters. The studied zone is subjected to important erosion evaluated at−167,354 m 2 despite the installation of the breakwaters. ![]() The breakwaters of the Soliman Beach which are very near the shoreline developed very small tombolos and those which are very far form the shoreline gave rise to eroded areas. The breakwaters of the Solymar hotel formed two tombolos. The distances of coastline retreat or advance and the areas lost or gained along the studied zone were calculated by GIS software. The evolution of the coastal area and the effect of these breakwaters were studied using aerial photographs treated by digital photogrammetric methods. Two breakwaters were constructed in 1989 to protect the shoreline in front of the Solymar hotel and five detached breakwaters were implanted between 19 for the protection of the zone of the Soliman Beach from shoreline retreat. The coastline of Soliman (North-East of Tunisia) suffered from erosion mainly during a strong storm that occurred in 1981.
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